Formula Sheet: Gravitation Class 11 Yashwant Parihar, April 27, 2026May 4, 2026 In this post, we will learn the formulas of Chapter 7, Class 11, Gravitation. We provide a complete Gravitation formula sheet, including the variation of ‘g’ with height and depth, Kepler’s Laws, and energy calculations for satellites. Use this list of formulas for quick revision of NCERT and to solve complex gravitational numericals with ease.Table of Contents Gravitation Formula Sheet1. Newton’s Law of Gravitation2. Acceleration due to Gravity(g)3. Gravitational Potential and Energy4. Satellite Motion5. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary MotionGravitation Formula Sheet1. Newton’s Law of GravitationGravitational Force:F=Gm1m2r2F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}Universal Gravitational Constant:G=6.67×10−11Nm2/Kg2G = 6.67\times10^{-11}Nm^2/Kg^22. Acceleration due to Gravity(g)On the surface of the earth:g=GMR2g = \frac{GM}{R^2}Approx = 9.8 m/s2Variation with altitude (h):Generalg′=g(RR+h)2General\: g’ = g\left (\frac{R}{R+h} \right)^2Forh<<R:g′=g(1−2hR)For\: h<<R: g’ = g \left ( 1- \frac{2h}{R} \right)Variation with depth(d):g′=g(1−dR)g’ = g \left ( 1 – \frac{d}{R} \right)Trick: At the centre of the Earth: d = R and g = 0.Variation with Latitude (Earth’s Rotation):g′=g−Rω2cos2ϕg’ = g-R\omega^2 cos^2\phiAt the equator, Φ = 0 (g is minimum)At the poles, Φ = 90 ° (g is maximum)3. Gravitational Potential and EnergyGravitational Potential Energy (U):U=−GMmrU = -\frac{GMm}{r}Gravitational Potential (V):V=Um=−GMrV = \frac{U}{m} = -\frac {GM}{r}Escape Velocity:Ve=2GMR=2gRV_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} = \sqrt{2gR}For Earth, Ve = 11.2 km/sGravitational Field Intensity:E=Fm=GMr2E = \frac {F}{m} = \frac{GM}{r^2}Relation Between Field and Potential:E=−dVdrE = -\frac{dV}{dr}4. Satellite MotionOrbital Velocity:Vo=2GMR+hV_o = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R+h}}Relation between Orbital and Escape Velocity:Ve=2×VoV_e = \sqrt 2 \times V_oTime Period(T):T=2π(R+h)Vo=2π(R+h)2GMT = \frac {2\pi (R+h)}{V_o} = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac {(R+h)^2}{GM}}Energy of Satellite:Kinetcenergy:K=GMm2rKinetc\:energy: K = \frac{GMm}{2r}Potentialenergy:U=−GMmrPotential\:energy: U = -\frac {GMm}{r}TotalEnergy=−GMm2rTotal\: Energy= -\frac{GMm}{2r}BindingEnergy=−Etotal=GMm2rBinding \: Energy = -E_{total} = \frac{GMm}{2r}5. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary MotionLaw of orbits: Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.Law of Areas: A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time (Conservation of Angular Momentum).Law of Periods: The square of the time period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis:T2∝r3T^2 \propto r^3T2=(4π2GM)r3T^2 = \left ( {\frac{4\pi^2}{GM} } \right) r^3 Formula Sheet Physics Formula Sheet Formula SheetPhysics Formula Sheet