8085 Assembly Language Programming

8085 Assembly Language Programming – A user can interact with the microprocessor through the assembly language instructions. These instructions are the commands to the microprocessor to be executed in the given sequence to complete the given task. The assembly language instructions are also called mnemonics.

In 8085 Assembly language programming, we need to define two formats: instruction format and Opcode format. Let’s look at both formats in detail and how they work in Assembly language.

Instruction Format

Each instruction of the 8085 microprocessor has two specific information fields. One is the operation code (op code), which specifies the operation to be performed. The operation is specified by binary code, hence the name is operation code. Second is the operand, which says about the data on which task is to be performed. This is shown in the figure below.

Opcode

Operand

The first field of the instruction is always the opcode. Still, the second field may be a source/destination operand, or a source/destination operand address, or next instruction address opcode and operand collectively construct a mnemonic (instruction), the length of which can be one, two, or three bytes.

Mnemonic	Opcode	Operand	Type of Operand	Comment
MOV A, B	MOV	A, B	Source/destination operand	Copy data from the source register B to the destination register A.
ADD M	ADD	M	Source operand address	Add the contents of the memory location to the contents of the accumulator.
INR M	INR	M	Destination operand address	Increment the contents of memory location.
JMP 5000H	JMP	5000H	Next instruction address	Change the program sequence to the location 5000H.

Opcode Format

For an assembly language program, an opcode is an operation code which is represented by an English-like word. The opcode is unique for each instruction and contains the information about the operation, the register to be used, the memory to be used, etc. The 8085 microprocessor has an 8-bit opcode and identifies all operations, registers, and flags with this specific code. All internal registers are identified as given in the table below.

Registers	Code
B	0 0 0
C	0 0 1
D	0 1 0
E	0 1 1
H	1 0 0
L	1 0 1
M (Memory)	1 1 0
A	1 1 1

Register Pairs	Codes
BC	0 0
DE	0 1
HL	1 0
AF or SP	1 1

Similarly, there are different codes for each operation. Some of the operation codes are given in the table below.

Operation code = D₇ – D₀

Instruction	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0
MOV Rd, Rs	0	1	D	D	D	S	S	S
MVI R, data (8 bit)	0	0	D	D	D	1	1	0
LXI Rp, data (8 bit)	0	0	D	D	0	0	0	1
ANA R	1	0	1	0	0	S	S	S

Here, R is any 8-bit register, R_d is the destination register, R_s is the source register, and Rp is the register pair. DDD defines the code for the destination register, SSS defines the source register, and DD defines the register pair.

Let’s take some examples to understand assembly language programming instructions in the 8085 microprocessor.

Example 1

Instruction	MOV A, B
Operation Code	0 1 D D D S S S
Register Code	1 1 1 0 0 0
Opcode	0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Example 2

Instruction	MVI A data (8 bit)
Operation Code	0 0 D D D 1 1 0
Register Code	1 1 1
Opcode	0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 => 3EH

Example 3

Instruction	LXI B, data (16 bit)
Operation Code	0 0 D D 0 0 0 1
Register Code	0 0
Opcode	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 => 01H

Example 4

Instruction	ANA B
Operation Code	1 0 1 0 0 S S S
Register Code	0 0 0
Opcode	1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 => A0H